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Widget Initialization Using JSON, HTML Custom Tags and XML files

Component reuse is a must in development. Reuse reduces development time, avoids coding errors, visual components will look identical, and so on... Code once, use anywhere! DHTML (Dynamic HTML) components or widgets are common nowadays; existing all over the Internet, from simple components such as calendars, toolbars, menus, etc., to more sophisticated frameworks like the Yahoo! UI Library. These components will behave in a different way according to some parameters or properties passed to them. This article will explain some ways to configure DHTML widgets, exposing its pros and cons, as well as programming techniques to avoid errors and speed up development time.

Properties declaration

Imagine a “List widget,” a common widget used to display, for example, tabular customer data. This kind of widget is also called a table or grid widget and will be used along the examples. To place a widget in a page, this example will retrieve widget properties, construct a widget object, then place it where the

reference is located. Properties give shape to our widget (height, weight, number of rows, etc.) including its behavior (such as the onclick event, onmouseover event, etc). Throughout this article, various ways to perform this task will be detailed:

a) Old style declarations with global variables

Global variables are defined and used as widget property values. This kind of declaration should not be used in order to avoid global scope issues.

var rows = 3; var columns = new Array(); // Then all or some properties are used in the list widget constructor

b) Parameters to the constructor object

The properties of the widget are defined as passing parameters to the list widget constructor. This approach solves the global scope issue but the number of properties to pass is fixed. If we want to add a new property to the widget, the method signature must be changed, and thus, if we have a lot of properties in our widget, the method signature will become unreadable. This option is not recommended if we want to have an extensible widget Framework.

// The properties are defined with various parameters // that are passed to the list constructor var list = new List('customer', 3, rowsArray);

c) JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) as a properties object.

This option uses JSON notation as a method to pass parameters, avoiding global scope issues, reducing the number of parameters and increasing code readability. This alternative is 100% pure JavaScript programming, as opposed to the use of Custom Tags and XML files (explained in following sections), which denotes simpler and easier notation.

By Nicolas Erlijman
source: http://www.webreference.com/programming/javascript/widgets/index.html

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Copy and Paste JavaScript with an Ajax Engine

It's not necessary to understand the characteristics of Ajax in order to use it. This article provides copy and paste JavaScript with an Ajax engine. No modifications are necessary.

If you really want to get into the nitty-gritty of Ajax, here are a few pages with good information. Google "Ajax tutorial" for more.

• Understanding Ajax: Getting Started

• AJAX Components

• Database-enabled Ajax with PHP

• Professional Ajax: XML, XPath, and XSLT, Pt. 1

Copy the following JavaScript and paste it into the HEAD area of your Web page source code.

The JavaScript could go pretty much anywhere, in the HEAD or BODY area, so long as it's not pasted within other JavaScript or inside an HTML tag. In the HEAD it's easier to manage, with less clutter in the BODY area where you'll be working with the examples.

<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> function ReplaceElementID(url,id) { var httpRequest; if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { try { httpRequest = new XMLHttpRequest(); } catch(e) {} } else if (window.ActiveXObject) { try { httpRequest = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch(e) { try { httpRequest = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } catch(e) {} } } if(! httpRequest) { alert('\n\nGiving up :(\n\nCannot create an AJAX connection.'); return false; } httpRequest.onreadystatechange = function() { ContainerContents(httpRequest,id); }; httpRequest.open('GET',url,true); httpRequest.send(''); } // function makeRequestGET() function ContainerContents(content,id) { try { if (content.readyState == 4) { if(content.status == 200) { document.getElementById(id).innerHTML=content.responseText; } else { alert('\n\nThere was a problem with the request.\n\nStatus code: '+content.status+'\n'+content.statusText); } } } catch(error) { alert('Error: '+error.name+' -- '+error.message); } } // function ContainerContents() </script>

Congratulations. You have completed placing JavaScript with an Ajax engine on your Web page.

Now, let's learn how to use it.

Three things are required to use the JavaScript Ajax engine:

1. The URL(s) of the content to be retrieved.
2. A place on your Web page to put the content.
3. A link to trigger the JavaScript, causing it to retrieve the content and put it where you want it.

The URLs of the Content To Be Retrieved

The content to be retrieved can be pretty much whatever you want it to be — text, images, forms, JavaScript, sound — any valid HTML source code.

It's important that the file with the content must be on the same domain as the Web page with the JavaScript Ajax engine. This is a restriction of the JavaScript XMLHttpRequest function, the heart of Ajax. (Work-arounds require relay software on the server. This is addressed later.)

The examples in this article assume you have two files on your server, fileone.html and filetwo.html. They will contain content for the JavaScript Ajax engine to retrieve.

For use in the examples, let fileone.html contain:

<h1>I am fileone.html</h1>

And, let filetwo.html contain:

<h1>I am filetwo.html</h1>

Upload files fileone.html and filetwo.html into the document root of your server (the directory where your domain's main or index Web page file is located). The files could be in other directories. The examples below assume they are in the document root.

By Will Bontrager

source: http://www.webreference.com/programming/javascript/w_b/index.html

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